Trade Openness and Environmental Policy Stringency: Quantile Evidence

نویسندگان

چکیده

The intensively debated issue of whether trade globalization leads to a race (climb) the bottom (top) such that environmental policy stringency is loosened (strengthened) still far from being uncontroversial. This paper provides new empirical evidence standpoint North (advanced) countries using both generalized methods moment (GMM) and GMM quantile estimators for dynamic panel data models. It first investigates importance partners finds, in sample OECD countries, increased with South (developing) more stringent regulation whereas heightened eases regulation. then examines there exist differences across regimes different extents finds significant regime-specific effects. Specifically, liberalizing weakens regime medium but reinforces it high low stringency. Conversely, expanded raises deteriorates

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The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) only, and the presence of them, or of links to them, on the IMF website does not imply that the IMF, its Executive Board, or its management endorses or shares the views expressed in the paper.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2071-1050']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063590